{"id":23599,"date":"2025-07-31T18:14:06","date_gmt":"2025-07-31T18:14:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/virtual-museum-syria.org\/damascus\/?p=23599"},"modified":"2025-09-18T17:58:42","modified_gmt":"2025-09-18T17:58:42","slug":"commemorative-wooden-plaque-of-sultan-baybars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/virtual-museum-syria.org\/damascus\/commemorative-wooden-plaque-of-sultan-baybars\/","title":{"rendered":"Commemorative Wooden Plaque of Sultan Baybars"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1144px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">Commemorative Wooden Plaque of Sultan Baybars<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:-2%;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:#8bc34a;border-color:#8bc34a;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-margin-top:4%;--awb-margin-bottom:4%;--awb-background-color:var(--awb-color2);--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-center fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1144px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_5_6 5_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:83.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.304%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.304%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-bottom-shadow-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.4);--awb-margin-top:-1%;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><div class=\"awb-image-frame awb-image-frame-1 awb-bottomshadow\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-bottomshadow imageframe-1 hover-type-zoomin\"><a href=\"https:\/\/virtual-museum-syria.org\/damascus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2024\/09\/Dam-458-fINbasiC.jpg\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[e2f136bd7dd0fa30856]\" data-caption=\"084\/5\" data-title=\"Commemorative Wooden Plaque of Sultan Baybars \u2013 National Museum of Damascus | Virtual Museum of Syria\" title=\"Commemorative Wooden Plaque of Sultan Baybars \u2013 National Museum of Damascus | Virtual Museum of Syria\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"714\" alt=\"Commemorative wooden plaque, sandalwood, with Arabic thuluth inscription. Mosque of Khalid Ibn al-Walid, Homs, Syria, 1265 CE. National Museum of Damascus.\" src=\"https:\/\/virtual-museum-syria.org\/damascus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2024\/09\/Dam-458-fINbasiC.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/virtual-museum-syria.org\/damascus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2024\/09\/Dam-458-fINbasiC-1200x714.jpg\" class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-35498\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271318%27%20height%3D%27784%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201318%20784%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271318%27%20height%3D%27784%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/virtual-museum-syria.org\/damascus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2024\/09\/Dam-458-fINbasiC-200x119.jpg 200w, https:\/\/virtual-museum-syria.org\/damascus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2024\/09\/Dam-458-fINbasiC-400x238.jpg 400w, https:\/\/virtual-museum-syria.org\/damascus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2024\/09\/Dam-458-fINbasiC-600x357.jpg 600w, https:\/\/virtual-museum-syria.org\/damascus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2024\/09\/Dam-458-fINbasiC-800x476.jpg 800w, https:\/\/virtual-museum-syria.org\/damascus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2024\/09\/Dam-458-fINbasiC-1200x714.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/virtual-museum-syria.org\/damascus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2024\/09\/Dam-458-fINbasiC.jpg 1318w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><\/span><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"100%\" viewBox=\"0 0 600 28\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><g clip-path=\"url(#a)\"><mask id=\"b\" style=\"mask-type:luminance\" maskUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"600\" height=\"28\"><path d=\"M0 0h600v28H0V0Z\" fill=\"#fff\"\/><\/mask><g filter=\"url(#c)\" mask=\"url(#b)\"><path d=\"M16.439-18.667h567.123v30.8S438.961-8.4 300-8.4C161.04-8.4 16.438 12.133 16.438 12.133v-30.8Z\" fill=\"#000\"\/><\/g><\/g><defs><clipPath id=\"a\"><path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M0 0h600v28H0z\"\/><\/clipPath><filter id=\"c\" x=\"5.438\" y=\"-29.667\" width=\"589.123\" height=\"52.8\" filterUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" color-interpolation-filters=\"sRGB\"><feFlood flood-opacity=\"0\" result=\"BackgroundImageFix\"\/><feBlend in=\"SourceGraphic\" in2=\"BackgroundImageFix\" result=\"shape\"\/><feGaussianBlur stdDeviation=\"5.5\" result=\"effect1_foregroundBlur_3983_183\"\/><\/filter><\/defs><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1144px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_5 1_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:20%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:9.6%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:9.6%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_3_5 3_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:60%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.2%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.2%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-sep-color:#8bc34a;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">Description<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:-4%;margin-bottom:2%;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:#8bc34a;border-color:#8bc34a;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p>In 1952, the Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums was notified of the presence of ancient wooden elements within the mihrab chamber of the Khalid ibn al-Walid Mosque in Homs, which were in need of conservation. A team of technicians from the Directorate was dispatched to restore the pieces, and in 1953 several of them were transferred to the museum collection. Among these is this commemorative wooden plaque, commissioned by Sultan al-\u1e92\u0101hir Baybars to celebrate a military triumph.<\/p>\n<p>The inscription commemorates the victory of Baybars\u2019 Mamluk forces over the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia in the Battle of Sis and the subsequent capture of most of the region\u2019s major cities in 1266 AD. The plaque bears a five-line inscription in <em>thuluth<\/em> script, surrounded by a decorative frame of vegetal motifs. Traces of black and green pigment are still visible on its surface.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Inscription (Translation):<\/strong><br \/>\n\u201cIn the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. This was ordered to be made upon the shrine of the Sword of God and companion of the Messenger of God, Kh\u0101lid ibn al-Wal\u012bd, may God be pleased with him, by our master, the Sultan al-Malik al-\u1e92\u0101hir, Pillar of the World and the Faith, Sultan of Islam and the Muslims, Slayer of the infidels and idolaters, Vanquisher of the heretics and rebels, Reviver of justice among all peoples, King of the Two Seas, Lord of the Two Qiblas, Servant of the Two Holy Sanctuaries, Adornment of the Realm, Sultan of the Arabs, Persians, and Turks, the Alexander of the Age, Master of the Qur\u02be\u0101n, Baybars al-\u1e62\u0101li\u1e25\u012b, the Ally of the Commander of the Faithful \u2013 may God glorify his rule \u2013 upon his return to [Homs] from the campaign against the land of Sis, in the month of Dh\u016b al-\u1e24ijja, year 666 AH.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#e0dede;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_5 1_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:20%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:9.6%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:9.6%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:40px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1144px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_5 1_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:20%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:9.6%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:9.6%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_3_5 3_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:60%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.2%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.2%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><ul style=\"--awb-line-height:25.5px;--awb-icon-width:25.5px;--awb-icon-height:25.5px;--awb-icon-margin:10.5px;--awb-content-margin:36px;--awb-circlecolor:#a0ce4e;--awb-circle-yes-font-size:13.2px;\" class=\"fusion-checklist fusion-checklist-1 fusion-checklist-default fusion-checklist-divider type-icons\"><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-angle-double-right fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p>Site: Mosque of Khalid Ibn Al Walid &#8211; Homs<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-angle-double-right fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p>Date: 1265 CE, 664 AH<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-angle-double-right fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p>Material: Sandal wood<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-angle-double-right fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p>Item Dimensions: 133 x 77 cm<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-angle-double-right fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p>Archaeological Mission:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-angle-double-right fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p>National Museum Of Damascus (2011) &#8211; Museum Number:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-angle-double-right fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p>VMS Code: Dam<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-7 fusion_builder_column_1_5 1_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:20%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:9.6%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:9.6%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:40px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1144px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-8 fusion_builder_column_1_5 1_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:20%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:9.6%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:9.6%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-9 fusion_builder_column_3_5 3_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:60%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.2%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.2%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><div class=\"title-sep-container title-sep-container-left\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#e0dede;\"><\/div><\/div><span class=\"awb-title-spacer\"><\/span><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center\" style=\"margin:0;\"><em>Excavation Site Location<\/em><\/h3><span class=\"awb-title-spacer\"><\/span><div class=\"title-sep-container title-sep-container-right\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#e0dede;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvar map_fusion_map_6aa1d1cbba378;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvar markers = [];\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvar counter = 0;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tvar fusionMapNonce = '519f3b52b7';\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfunction fusion_run_map_fusion_map_6aa1d1cbba378() {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tjQuery ('#fusion_map_6aa1d1cbba378' ).fusion_maps( {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taddresses: [{\"address\":\"National Museum Of Damascus, Syria\",\"infobox_content\":\"National Museum Of Damascus, Syria\",\"marker\":\"https:\\\/\\\/virtual-museum-syria.org\\\/damascus\\\/wp-content\\\/plugins\\\/fusion-builder\\\/images\\\/avada_map_marker.png\",\"coordinates\":false,\"cache\":true,\"latitude\":\"33.5127531\",\"longitude\":\"36.2898579\"}],\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tanimations: true,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tinfobox_background_color: 'rgba(160, 206, 78, 0.8)',\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tinfobox_styling: 'custom',\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tinfobox_text_color: '#fff',\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmap_style: 'custom',\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmap_type: 'terrain',\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmarker_icon: 'theme',\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\toverlay_color: '',\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\toverlay_color_hsl: {\"hue\":82,\"sat\":57,\"lum\":56},\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tshow_address: false,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tscale_control: true,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tscrollwheel: true,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tzoom: 14,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tzoom_control: true,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\tgoogle.maps.event.addDomListener(window, 'load', fusion_run_map_fusion_map_6aa1d1cbba378);\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"shortcode-map fusion-google-map fusion-maps-js-type\" id=\"fusion_map_6aa1d1cbba378\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-double sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#e0dede;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-10 fusion_builder_column_1_5 1_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:20%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:9.6%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:9.6%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-6 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:40px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1144px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-11 fusion_builder_column_1_5 1_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:20%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:9.6%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:9.6%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-12 fusion_builder_column_3_5 3_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:60%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.2%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.2%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:13px;--awb-content-font-size:14px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#f9f9f9;--awb-border-color:#cccccc;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e0dede;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e0dede;--awb-icon-color:#ffffff;--awb-title-color:#212934;--awb-content-color:#4a4e57;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#a0ce4e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Montserrat&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:400;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Montserrat&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-boxed\" id=\"accordion-23599-1\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-07d31af4d6f3293ac fusion-toggle-has-divider\" style=\"--awb-title-color:#212934;--awb-content-color:#4a4e57;\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_07d31af4d6f3293ac\"><a class=\"active\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"07d31af4d6f3293ac\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-23599-1\" data-target=\"#07d31af4d6f3293ac\" href=\"#07d31af4d6f3293ac\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">References<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"07d31af4d6f3293ac\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse in\" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_07d31af4d6f3293ac\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<ul>\n<li>Abu al -faraj al -ash, &#8220;Annales Arch\u00e9ologiques Syriennes. Damas, volume 19, 1969, p. 23<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-5c382d59d6367c139 fusion-toggle-has-divider\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_5c382d59d6367c139\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"5c382d59d6367c139\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-23599-1\" data-target=\"#5c382d59d6367c139\" href=\"#5c382d59d6367c139\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Relevant Publications<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"5c382d59d6367c139\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_5c382d59d6367c139\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>Your Content Goes Here<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-b515a9561660b626a fusion-toggle-has-divider\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_b515a9561660b626a\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"b515a9561660b626a\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-23599-1\" data-target=\"#b515a9561660b626a\" href=\"#b515a9561660b626a\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Timelines<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"b515a9561660b626a\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_b515a9561660b626a\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>Your Content Goes Here<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-75a24c39674c68081 fusion-toggle-has-divider\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_75a24c39674c68081\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"75a24c39674c68081\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-23599-1\" data-target=\"#75a24c39674c68081\" href=\"#75a24c39674c68081\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Credits<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"75a24c39674c68081\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_75a24c39674c68081\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>Your Content Goes Here<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-d8bb4ea21f1060407 fusion-toggle-has-divider\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_d8bb4ea21f1060407\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"d8bb4ea21f1060407\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-23599-1\" data-target=\"#d8bb4ea21f1060407\" href=\"#d8bb4ea21f1060407\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">VMS Code<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"d8bb4ea21f1060407\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_d8bb4ea21f1060407\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<ul>\n<li>Dam 0 \/ SLC<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-bb96d21d64c91cce8 fusion-toggle-has-divider\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_bb96d21d64c91cce8\"><a class=\"active\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"bb96d21d64c91cce8\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-23599-1\" data-target=\"#bb96d21d64c91cce8\" href=\"#bb96d21d64c91cce8\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Record Completion<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"bb96d21d64c91cce8\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse in\" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_bb96d21d64c91cce8\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>Not every record you will find here is complete. More information is available for some works than for others, and some entries have been updated more recently. Records are frequently reviewed and revised, <a href=\"https:\/\/virtual-museum-syria.org\/palmyra\/contact-us\/\">We welcome<\/a>\u00a0any additional information you might have.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-13 fusion_builder_column_1_5 1_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:20%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:9.6%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:9.6%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-14 fusion_builder_column_1_5 1_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:20%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:9.6%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:9.6%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-15 fusion_builder_column_1_5 1_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:20%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:9.6%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:9.6%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-7 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1144px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-16 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:#8bc34a;border-color:#8bc34a;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-8 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1144px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-17 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-progressbar\" style=\"--awb-maximum-value-wrapper-width:30%;\"><div class=\"fusion-progressbar-bar progress-bar progress-striped\"><div class=\"progress progress-bar-content not-animated\" role=\"progressbar\" aria-labelledby=\"awb-progressbar-label-1\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"100\" aria-valuenow=\"70\" data-filling-speed=\"600\"><span class=\"progress-title awb-on-bar\"><span class=\"fusion-progressbar-text\" id=\"awb-progressbar-label-1\">Record Completion<\/span> <span class=\"fusion-progressbar-value\">70%<\/span><\/span><\/div><span class=\"awb-pb-max-value-wrap awb-on-bar\"><span class=\"awb-pb-max-value-text\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":35502,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"Commemorative sandalwood plaque from the Mosque of Khalid Ibn al-Walid, Homs, Syria (1265 CE). Inscribed in Arabic thuluth script, preserved in the National Museum of Damascus.","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"Wooden commemorative plaque commissioned by Sultan Baybars, discovered in the Mosque of Khalid Ibn al-Walid, Homs, Syria, dated 1265 CE. Inscribed in thuluth script and preserved in the National Museum of Damascus.","_seopress_social_fb_img":"https:\/\/virtual-museum-syria.org\/damascus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2024\/09\/face-084-5.jpg","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":35500,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":1440,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":720,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"Wooden commemorative plaque commissioned by Sultan Baybars, discovered in the Mosque of Khalid Ibn al-Walid, Homs, Syria, dated 1265 CE. Inscribed in thuluth script and preserved in the National Museum of Damascus.","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"https:\/\/virtual-museum-syria.org\/damascus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2024\/09\/face-084-5.jpg","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":35500,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":1440,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":720,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"both","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":301,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","_seopress_news_disabled":"","_seopress_video_disabled":"","_seopress_video":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas_manual":[],"_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable_all":"","_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas":[],"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":"","_wp_rev_ctl_limit":""},"categories":[55,43,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23599","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arabic_inscriptions","category-inscriptions","category-islamic-gallery"],"acf":[],"modified_by":"Bisher","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/virtual-museum-syria.org\/damascus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23599","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/virtual-museum-syria.org\/damascus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/virtual-museum-syria.org\/damascus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/virtual-museum-syria.org\/damascus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/virtual-museum-syria.org\/damascus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23599"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/virtual-museum-syria.org\/damascus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23599\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/virtual-museum-syria.org\/damascus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35502"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/virtual-museum-syria.org\/damascus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23599"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/virtual-museum-syria.org\/damascus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23599"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/virtual-museum-syria.org\/damascus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23599"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}